The Investigation of Kidney Involvement in 430 Hospitalized Patients with Omicron COVID-19 in Tianjin, China.

INTRODUCTION: This study evaluated the incidence, clinical characteristics, and risk factors of kidney involvement in patients with the Omicron variant infection in the post-acute treatment phase in Tianjin, China. METHODS: Data were collected from 430 patients with Omicron variant infection in Tianjin, China. Demographics, comorbidities, laboratory blood tests, urinalysis, vaccination status, and COVID-19 clinical classification were assessed. Patients were grouped based on kidney involvement, and associated risk factors of kidney involvement were also investigated. RESULTS: Asymptomatic, mild, ordinary, and severe patients with Omicron COVID-19 variant comprised 1.5%, 49.1%, 48.9%, and 0.5% of the sample population, respectively, without critical illness or death. The incidences of hematuria, proteinuria, and concurrent hematuria and proteinuria were 14.7%, 14.2%, and 5.1%, respectively. Patients with and without kidney involvement differed in age, body mass index (BMI), comorbidity, creatinine levels, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels. Age, hypertension, higher CRP levels, and higher BMI were linked with kidney involvement. CONCLUSION: The majority of the patients suffered from mild or ordinary symptoms of Omicron COVID-19 infection. The primary kidney involvement was hematuria and proteinuria. Proteinuria was significantly associated with Omicron variant infection, and patients with hypertensive comorbidity, higher CRP, and higher creatinine levels were at increased risk of proteinuria after Omicron variant infection.

Sibling cases of gross hematuria and newly diagnosed IgA nephropathy following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination.

BACKGROUND: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccination has become a major part of the strategy to reduce Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) numbers worldwide. To date, vaccinations based on several mechanisms have been used clinically, although relapse of existent glomerulonephritis presenting as gross hematuria, and occurrence of de novo glomerulonephritis have been reported. CASE PRESENTATION: We report the first sibling cases newly diagnosed as immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy after the second dose of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. 15- and 18-year-old men presented with gross hematuria following the second dose of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (Pfizer, BNT162b2) received on the same day. Pathological findings of each kidney biopsy specimen were consistent with IgA nephropathy. Gross hematuria in both cases spontaneously recovered within several days. CONCLUSIONS: These cases indicate that SARS-CoV-2 vaccination might trigger de novo IgA nephropathy or stimulate its relapse, and also highlight the necessity of understanding the immunological responses to the novel mRNA vaccines in patients with kidney diseases.

Prevalence of renal involvement among pediatric patients hospitalized due to coronavirus disease 2019: A multicenter study. / Prevalencia de compromiso renal en pacientes pediátricos internados con enfermedad por coronavirus 2019: estudio multicéntrico.

INTRODUCTION: Renal involvement among pediatric patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ranges between 1.2% and 44%. Given the limited information available locally, the primary objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of renal involvement in our setting. POPULATION AND METHODS: Cross-sectional study conducted in 13 Argentine sites between March and December 2020. Patients aged 1 month to 18 years hospitalized due to COVID-19 and with at least one measurement of serum creatinine and/or a urinalysis were included. Those with a known kidney disease were excluded. Renal involvement was defined as the presence of acute kidney injury (AKI), proteinuria, hematuria, leukocyturia and/or arterial hypertension (HTN). RESULTS: Among 528 eligible medical records, 423 patients were included (55.0% were males; median age: 5.3 years). The clinical presentation was asymptomatic in 31%; mild, in 39.7%; moderate, in 23.9%; severe, in 1.2%; critical, in 0.7%; and 3.5% had multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C). Two patients (0.47%) died. The prevalence of renal involvement was 10.8% (95% confidence interval: 8.2-14.2); it was described as leukocyturia (16.9%), proteinuria (16.0%), hematuria (13.2%), HTN (3.7%), and AKI (2.3%). No patient required dialysis. Renal involvement was associated with severe forms of disease (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of renal involvement among pediatric patients hospitalized due to COVID-19 in 13 Argentine sites was 10.8%; severe forms of disease prevailed.

Introducción. El compromiso renal (CR) en niños internados con enfermedad por coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19, por su sigla en inglés) varía entre el 1,2 % y el 44 %. Dado que existe limitada información local, el objetivo primario de este estudio fue estimar la prevalencia de CR en nuestro medio. Población y métodos. Estudio transversal realizado en 13 centros de Argentina entre marzo y diciembre de 2020. Se incluyeron pacientes internados con COVID-19, de 1 mes a 18 años y que tuvieran al menos una determinación de creatinina sérica y/o de orina completa. Se excluyeron aquellos con enfermedad renal conocida. Se consideró CR la presencia de lesión renal aguda (LRA), proteinuria, hematuria, leucocituria y/o hipertensión arterial (HTA). Resultados. De 528 historias clínicas elegibles, se incluyeron las de 423 pacientes (el 55,0 % de sexo masculino, mediana de edad 5,3 años). El cuadro clínico fue asintomático en el 31 %, leve en el 39,7 %, moderado en el 23,9 %, grave en el 1,2 %, crítico en el 0,7 %, y el 3,5 % presentó síndrome inflamatorio multisistémico pediátrico (SIMP). Dos pacientes (0,47 %) fallecieron. La prevalencia de CR fue del 10,8 % (intervalo de confianza 95% 8,2-14,2), expresada por leucocituria (16,9 %), proteinuria (16,0 %), hematuria (13,2 %), HTA (3,7 %) y LRA (2,3 %). Ninguno requirió diálisis. Presentar CR se asoció (p <0,0001) con formas graves de enfermedad. Conclusión. La prevalencia de CR en pacientes pediátricos internados con COVID-19 en 13 centros de nuestro país fue del 10,8 % y predominó en las formas clínicas graves.

New-onset crescent IgA nephropathy following the CoronaVac vaccine: A case report.

RATIONALE: Although coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) remains a global threat, administering effective and safe vaccines is currently the most promising strategy to curb the ongoing pandemic and decrease the number of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections. However, there remains some uncertainty regarding the safety of vaccines for patients with kidney disease. PATIENT CONCERNS: A 58-year-old man presented at our institution with gross hematuria 48 hours after receiving his first dose of the CoronaVac (Sinovac) vaccine. DIAGNOSES: Analysis of a renal biopsy sample led to the diagnosis of crescentic immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN), which we considered an adverse event of receiving the CoronaVac vaccine in China. INTERVENTIONS: The patient's serum creatinine and albumin levels were 1.20 mg/dL and 31.3 g/L, respectively; as such, he was administered a diuretic. His serum creatinine level had risen to 7.45 mg/dL 1 month later, and he developed high blood pressure. The patient then received conventional doses of hormone therapy but developed recurrent fever, which led to the suspicion of active tuberculosis (which he had a history of) and suspension of the hormone therapy. OUTCOMES: The patient's renal function deteriorated further, and he ultimately underwent dialysis. LESSONS: The patient's course of events of apparent IgAN exacerbation should prompt nephrologists to closely follow patients with glomerular disease after they receive a COVID-19 vaccine, especially if persistent gross hematuria occurs.

Microscopic Polyangiitis Following mRNA COVID-19 Vaccination: A Case Report.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is one of the most widespread viral infections in human history. As a breakthrough against infection, vaccines have been developed to achieve herd immunity. Here, we report the first case of microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) following BNT162b2 vaccination in Korea. A 42-year-old man presented to the emergency room with general weakness, dyspnea, and edema after the second BNT162b2 vaccination. He had no medical history other than being treated for tuberculosis last year. Although his renal function was normal at last year, acute kidney injury was confirmed at the time of admission to the emergency room. His serum creatinine was 3.05 mg/dL. Routine urinalysis revealed proteinuria (3+) and hematuria. When additional tests were performed for suspected glomerulonephritis, the elevation of myeloperoxidase (MPO) antibody (38.6 IU/mL) was confirmed. Renal biopsy confirmed pauci-immune anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-related glomerulonephritis and MPA was diagnosed finally. As an induction therapy, a combination of glucocorticoid and rituximab was administered, and plasmapheresis was performed twice. He was discharged after the induction therapy and admitted to the outpatient clinic 34 days after induction therapy. During outpatient examination, his renal function had improved with serum creatinine 1.51 mg/dL. We suggest that MPA needs to be considered if patients have acute kidney injury, proteinuria, and hematuria after vaccination.

IgA Nephropathy with Gross Hematuria Following COVID-19 mRNA Vaccination.

A 28-year-old woman experienced gross hematuria after the administration of the second dose of an messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) vaccine (BNT162b2). She was diagnosed with Immunogloblin A nephropathy (IgAN) by a renal biopsy two weeks after vaccination, which revealed a mild increase in mesangial cells and a matrix with co-depositions of galactose-deficient IgA1 and C3 in the mesangial region. The gross hematuria and proteinuria gradually improved without any medication, suggesting that immune activation by the mRNA vaccine may not elicit continuous disease progression of IgAN. Thus, further studies investigating the relationship between mRNA vaccines against COVID-19 and the progression of IgAN should be conducted.

Renal manifestations of Covid-19 and its association with severity of disease in a tertiary care hospital of south India- A retrospective study.

Renal involvement in patients with COVID-19 ranges from proteinuria and hematuria to acute kidney injury (AKI). The occurrence of AKI range from 0.5% to 80% across various studies. Our study was conducted to know the renal manifestations of COVID-19 in south Indian population and its association with severity. MATERIAL: The study assessed COVID-19 positive adult patients admitted from 1/9/2020 to 31/10/2020. Data was collected by accessing electronic medical records of patients. Proteinuria and hematuria were assessed by urine dipstick. Lab data including S. Creatinine at admission was accessed. S. Creatinine at a mean duration of 7±2, 14±4 days during hospitalization and on follow-up at a mean duration of 45 days after discharge was also captured. OBSERVATION: A total of 1561 patients admitted during the study period were screened. After the exclusion criteria, 426 patients admitted with COVID-19 infection were enrolled. The occurrence of AKI was 14.8%. Proteinuria was positive in 75 patients (17.6%) hematuria in 39 patients (9.15 %). Patients with AKI, proteinuria and/or hematuria were more likely to have severe COVID-19 illness. 47.5% patients with AKI, 45.9 % with proteinuria and 34.4 % with hematuria had severe COVID-19 illness. The recovery of AKI at a mean duration of 45±15 days post discharge was 83.63 %. CONCLUSION: Renal involvement is not uncommon in patients with COVID-19 infection especially in patients with severe illness. Presence of AKI, proteinuria and/or hematuria is associated with increased mortality among patients hospitalized with COVID-19 infection.

Gross hematuria after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination: questionnaire survey in Japan.

BACKGROUND: Recent clinical reports indicate a correlation between gross hematuria after the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination in patients with glomerulonephritis, especially immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN). Furthermore, healthcare workers in Japan were initially vaccinated with an mRNA vaccine from February 17, 2021, and some of them experienced gross hematuria after receiving the vaccination. METHODS: We conducted a web-based survey of the councilor members of the Japanese Society of Nephrology (581 members, 382 facilities) to elucidate the relationship between gross hematuria and COVID-19 vaccination. RESULTS: In the first survey, 27 cases (female: 22, 81.5%) of gross hematuria were reported after receiving a COVID-19 vaccination. Of them, 19 (70.4%) patients were already diagnosed with IgAN at the occurrence of gross hematuria. Proteinuria appeared in eight of the 14 (57.1%) cases with no proteinuria before vaccination and hematuria in five of the seven (71.4%) cases with no hematuria before vaccination. The second survey revealed that a renal biopsy was performed after vaccination in four cases, all of whom were diagnosed with IgAN. Only one case showed a slightly increased serum creatinine level, and no patients progressed to severe renal dysfunction. CONCLUSION: This study clarified the clinical features of gross hematuria after a COVID-19 vaccination. Because there was no obvious progression to severe renal dysfunction, safety of the COVID-19 vaccination is warranted at least in the protocol of inoculation twice.

AKI in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19.

BACKGROUND: Early reports indicate that AKI is common among patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and associated with worse outcomes. However, AKI among hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in the United States is not well described. METHODS: This retrospective, observational study involved a review of data from electronic health records of patients aged ≥18 years with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 admitted to the Mount Sinai Health System from February 27 to May 30, 2020. We describe the frequency of AKI and dialysis requirement, AKI recovery, and adjusted odds ratios (aORs) with mortality. RESULTS: Of 3993 hospitalized patients with COVID-19, AKI occurred in 1835 (46%) patients; 347 (19%) of the patients with AKI required dialysis. The proportions with stages 1, 2, or 3 AKI were 39%, 19%, and 42%, respectively. A total of 976 (24%) patients were admitted to intensive care, and 745 (76%) experienced AKI. Of the 435 patients with AKI and urine studies, 84% had proteinuria, 81% had hematuria, and 60% had leukocyturia. Independent predictors of severe AKI were CKD, men, and higher serum potassium at admission. In-hospital mortality was 50% among patients with AKI versus 8% among those without AKI (aOR, 9.2; 95% confidence interval, 7.5 to 11.3). Of survivors with AKI who were discharged, 35% had not recovered to baseline kidney function by the time of discharge. An additional 28 of 77 (36%) patients who had not recovered kidney function at discharge did so on posthospital follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: AKI is common among patients hospitalized with COVID-19 and is associated with high mortality. Of all patients with AKI, only 30% survived with recovery of kidney function by the time of discharge.

Renal changes and acute kidney injury in covid-19: a systematic review.

OBJECTIVE: We aimed to present a review of renal changes in patients with COVID-19. METHODS: We performed a systematic review of the literature to identify original articles regarding clinical, laboratory, and anatomopathological kidney changes in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 published until May 7, 2020. The search was carried out across PubMed, Scopus, and Embase using the keywords "COVID-19", "coronavirus", "SARS-CoV-2", "kidney injury" and "kidney disease". Fifteen studies presented clinical and laboratory renal changes in patients with COVID-19, and three addressed anatomopathological changes. DISCUSSION: Acute kidney injury (AKI) was a relevant finding in patients with COVID-19. There were also significant changes in laboratory tests that indicated kidney injury, such as increased serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN), proteinuria, and hematuria. The presence of laboratory abnormalities and AKI were significant in severely ill patients. There was a considerable prevalence of AKI among groups of patients who died of COVID-19. Histopathological analysis of the kidney tissue of patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 suggested that the virus may directly affect the kidneys. CONCLUSION: Although COVID-19 affects mainly the lungs, it can also impact the kidneys. Increased serum creatinine and BUN, hematuria, proteinuria, and AKI were frequent findings in patients with severe COVID-19 and were related to an increased mortality rate. Further studies focusing on renal changes and their implications for the clinical condition of patients infected with the novel coronavirus are needed.